Table of Contents

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. IV
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. VII
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. VIII
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
THE IMPORTANCE OF LAND ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
Indigenous Laws ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
International Rights Frameworks……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Canadian Laws ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Canadian Mining Industry ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
IMPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
PARADIGM …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
POSITIONALITY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
LENS FOR ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
DATA COLLECTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Transcripts ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
Surveys ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
KNOWLEDGE MOBILIZATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
FINDINGS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
LEGACIES OF COLONIALISM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37
RELIANCE ON GOVERNMENT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
GOVERNMENT AGENDA ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
LEGALITY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46
IDEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
CLASH OF IDEOLOGIES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
COMMUNITY LED PARTICIPATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
MOVING FORWARD ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
SURVEY RESULTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
SUMMARY OF DATA ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
UNLEVEL PLAYING FIELD ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66
DIMENSIONS TO POWER …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 67
Overt Dimension ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68
Covert Dimension …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68
Latent Dimension……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69
QUESTIONING THE LEGALITY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
THE LARGER PICTURE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74
MOVING TOWARDS SELF-DETERMINATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 78
MATAWA INFORMED PERSPECTIVE ON FPIC …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 79
CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS AND CONTRIBUTIONS …………………………………………………………………………………… 82
LIMITATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5