TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………………………………. iv
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………………………. v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………… vi
ABSTRACT………………………………. ………………………………………………………….. vii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION. …………………………………………………………………………. 1
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………… 2
Confronting or Withdrawing after Conflict ……………………………………………………….. 4
Forgiving or Holding a Grudge after Conflict ……………………………………………………. 6
Conceptualization of Forgiveness ……………………………………………………………….. 7
Forgiveness and Reputation ……………………………………………………………………….. 8
Hypotheses ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Research Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
CHAPTER 3. PILOT STUDY 1 ………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Method ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Participants …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Measures ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Conflict content ………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Forgiveness measures ……………………………………………………………………… 15
Conflict responses …………………………………………………………………………… 15
Demographics ………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Procedure ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
Results and Discussion …………………………………………………………………………………. 17
CHAPTER 4. PILOT STUDY 2 ………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Method ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Participants …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Measures and Materials …………………………………………………………………………… 23
Conflict scenarios………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Attention checks………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Revenge and avoidance motivation ……………………………………………………… 24
Procedure ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
Results ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
CHAPTER 5. PRIMARY STUDY ………………………………………………………………………. 28
Method ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Participants …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Measures ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
Conflict scenarios………………………………………………………………………………. 30
Morality judgements ………………………………………………………………………….. 30
Prevention focus………………………………………………………………………………… 31
Demographics …………………………………………………………………………………… 32
Data cleaning ……………………………………………………………………………………. 32
Procedure ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
Results ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
Manipulation Checks ………………………………………………………………………………. 35
How Do Latinx and Northern European Americans Evaluate Responses to
Conflict? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
Masculine scenario…………………………………………………………………………….. 36
Family scenario …………………………………………………………………………………. 39
Feminine scenario ……………………………………………………………………………… 41
Does Prevention Focus Explain the Interaction of Cultural Group Reactions
on Morality Judgements? …………………………………………………………………………. 44
Masculine scenario…………………………………………………………………………….. 45
Family scenario …………………………………………………………………………………. 45
Feminine scenario ……………………………………………………………………………… 45
Discussion …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
Limitations and Future Directions …………………………………………………………….. 50
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 54
APPENDIX A. PILOT STUDY 1 MEASURES ……………………………………………………. 62
APPENDIX B. PILOT STUDY 2 SCENARIOS …………………………………………………… 64
APPENDIX C. PRIMARY STUDY: SCENARIOS AND ALTERNATIVE ENDINGS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
APPENDIX D. PRIMARY STUDY: MEASURES ……………………………………………….. 68
APPENDIX E. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPROVAL FORM ……………. 70
